SOG or STW as a starting point for performance modeling?

This paper was presented in August 2023 at the HullPic Conference under the title: 'STW or SOG as a Starting Point for Performance Modeling? An Empirical Study using Operational Sensor Data from 20 Oil Tankers'

Abstract
This study details data-driven findings based on actual operational high-frequency sensor data of over 20 Crude Oil Tankers owned by Euronav, with the goal of deciding between STW (Speed-Through-Water) or SOG (Speed-Over-Ground) as a starting point for accurate ship performance modeling.